Multi-Physics Coupling and Lifecycle Verification of Triple-Functional Laminated Windshield Glass

Abstract

Triple-functional laminated windshields couple thermal, mechanical and electromagnetic behaviour in ways that single-physics tolerance schemes only partially capture, and datum drift under mass production remains, to some extent, poorly bounded. This study develops a multi-scale framework combining thermo-mechano-electromagnetic coupling analysis with unified-datum tolerance coordination, linked to a closed-loop verification route spanning curvature inspection, adaptive layout optimisation and mold compensation. Treating datum decoupling as purely geometric proved insufficient, since electromagnetic detuning and coating-driven weathering introduced residuals that geometric compensation could not absorb; the framework was revised to admit coupled residuals and bounded coordination. Verification draws on curvature inspection and accelerated weathering, supplemented by RF degradation monitoring and V2X sensitivity testing to probe whether electromagnetic performance survives lifecycle loading. Apparent convergence may reflect compensation artefacts as much as genuine coupling fidelity, and possible biases in inspection sampling warrant further research. Transferability to digitalised enterprise operations and infrastructure governance is discussed as a plausible, though undemonstrated, extension.